Standing Out in a Group Essay Example

Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Struggle - Essay Example The chief should have conveyed to the medical attendants on the major developments in order to get their interests or commitment. A case of a factor that can cause struggle is the modification of work hours or procedure. Additionally, Nurses who have tremendous involvement with the office may feel disengaged or neglected and thus the antagonistic vibe. Experience is significant when making changes to treatment plans, and profession advancement viewpoints, for example, advancement. Regardless of the inescapable danger of contention, nurture pioneers can devise techniques to turn away it. Struggle can be overseen through trade off (American Sentinel University, 2011). A medical attendant pioneer should break down the thought process and the effect of such rearrangement. On the off chance that the activities think about the enthusiasm of patients and the medical attendants, at that point a trade off can be reached in which all attendants adjust to the changes. In the event that the progressions damage the enthusiasm of attendants, a medical attendant pioneer can adopt a collective strategy and draw in the chief in discovering shared opinion. In this methodology, the chief should surrender ground on issues that abuse the enthusiasm of medical caretakers, and attendants to permit a few fundamental changes in the division. American Sentinel University. (2011, July 27). The Five Styles of Managing Conflict Resolution for Nursing. Retrieved June 30, 2015, from

How Popular is Your Favorite Novel

How Popular is Your Favorite Novel Ever wonder if other readers also love the novel you love most? Ever love a story that makes you feel unique? Ever feel youve found a forgotten classic that no one else reads? Well, Goodreads has a stats feature that can confirm or deny your hunches about your favorite novel. Go to Goodreads and search on your all-time favorite book. Im going to use The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood as my example. Title page at Goodreads for The Handmaids Tale From the main page, we know that 657,626 people have rated The Handmaids Tale, 33,939 have written reviews, and it has scored an average of 4.06 out of 5 stars (657,626, 33,939, 4.06). However, if you click on the Stats hyperlink on the upper right (circled in red), you see another set of very interesting statistics. Goodreads user stats for The Handmaids Tale The blue line is the key indicator. It tells how many readers added this title to their Goodreads library each day. Red reveals how many readers rate the book, which usually happens just after they read it. Green shows how many readers hope to read the book. And yellow, even though its usually the lowest number, tell us how many readers took the time to write a review. Now, type in titles of more of your favorite books. Compare their numbers with each other, and with very popular books. This will give you an idea of how relatively popular your reading tastes run. Try to find the most popular book youve read, and the least popular. I find the books I love with the lowest stats reveal the most  about my personality. It can hurt when you discover that something so special to you is completely ignored by the rest of the world. But it can also be sharply defining. Study the graph above. Notice that just after Donald Trump took office there was a surge in buying The Handmaids Tale, and another surge when the TV miniseries came out on Hulu. Currently, about 2,600 copies are added to Goodreads each day. Thats quite remarkable. Quite often there are dramatic spikes in the Goodreads statistics. I wonder if Book Riot (or other bookish sites) published something that makes folks run out to get the book? I just compared these results to the book Im currently listening to, We Are Legion (We Are Bob) by Dennis E. Taylor. (11,535, 1,213, 4.32). Roughly 120 people a day add it to their Goodreads bookshelves. These numbers arent super high compared to famous books, but very high compared to other new science fiction books, revealing Taylor has a hit on his hands. However, one of my personal all-time favorite stories, Empire Star by Samuel R. Delany (586, 58, 3.8) is seldom added to Goodreads, at best one copy a day on average. I recently wrote about this novella for Book Riot, Simplex, Complex, Multiplex: Samuel R. Delany and Experience vs. Reading. Between the Goodreads stats and the response from the essay, I know Im in love with a tale that few people care about or know. Popularity is not an indicator of quality, but it does show how our interests intersect with the interests of others, and I find that rather fascinating. Save Save

Bat Sounds What Noise Do Bats Make

By  producing sounds and listening to the resulting echoes, bats can paint a rich picture of their surroundings in complete darkness. This process, called echolocation, enables bats to navigate without any visual input. But what do bats actually sound like? Key Takeaways Bats can be distinguished through their sounds, which have frequencies that are ultrasonic, or too high for humans to hear.The bat call itself contains different components—with frequency either staying the same or varying over time.Bats produce â€Å"clicks† by many different mechanisms—including using their voice box, generating sounds through their nostrils, or clicking their tongues.Bat sounds can be recorded with â€Å"bat detectors† that change the sounds to frequencies that humans can hear. What Bats Sound Like During echolocation, most bats use their vocal cords and larynx to produce calls, much in the same way that humans use their vocal cords and larynx to speak. Different species of bats have distinct calls, but in general, bat sounds are described as â€Å"clicks. When these sounds are slowed down, however, they are more similar to a bird’s chirp, and tend to have noticeably different tones. Some bats do not use their vocal cords to produce calls at all, and  instead click their tongue or emit sound from their nostrils. Other bats produce clicks using their wings. Interestingly, the exact process by which bats click with their wings is still debated. It is unclear whether the sound results from the wings clapping together, the bones in the wings snapping, or the wings slapping against the bats body. Ultrasonic Sounds Bats produce ultrasonic sounds, which means that the sounds exist at frequencies higher than humans can hear. Humans can hear sounds from about 20 to 20,000 Hz. Bat sounds are typically two to three times higher than the upper limit of this range. There are multiple advantages to ultrasonic sounds: The shorter wavelengths of ultrasonic sounds make them more likely to bounce back to the bat, rather than diffract, or bend around, objects.Ultrasonic sounds require less energy to produce.Ultrasonic sounds dispel quickly, so the bat can tell apart â€Å"newer† from â€Å"older† sounds that might still be echoing in the area. Bat calls contain  constant-frequency  components (having one set frequency over time) and  frequency-modulated  components (having frequencies that change over time). The frequency-modulated components themselves can be narrowband (consisting of a small range of frequencies) or broadband (composed of a wide range of frequencies). Bats use a combination of these components to understand their surroundings. For example, a constant-frequency component might allow the sound to travel farther and last longer than frequency-modulated components, which could help more with determining the location and the texture of a target. Most bat calls are dominated by frequency-modulated components, though a few have calls that are dominated by constant frequency components. How to Record Bat Sounds Though humans cannot hear the sounds that bats make, bat detectors can. These detectors are equipped with specialized microphones capable of recording ultrasonic sounds and electronics capable of translating the sound so that it is audible to the human ear. Here are some methods that these bat detectors use to record sounds: Heterodyning: Heterodyning mixes an incoming bat sound with a similar frequency, resulting in a â€Å"beat† that humans can hear.Frequency division: As stated above, the sounds that bats have frequencies that are two to three times higher than the upper limit that humans can hear. Frequency division detectors divide the bat’s sound by 10 to bring the sound within the range of human hearing.Time expansion: Higher frequencies occur at higher rates. Time expansion detectors slow down an incoming bat sound to a frequency which humans can hear, usually also by a factor of 10. Sources Boonman, A., Bumrungsi, S., and Yovel, Y. â€Å"Nonecholocating fruit bats produce biosonar clicks with their wings.† 2014. Current Biology, vol. 24, 2962-2967.Breed, M. â€Å"Ultrasonic communication.† 2004.Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins. ed. Jeanette Thomas, Cynthia Moss, and Marianne Vater. University of Chicago Press, 2004.Greene, S. â€Å"Holy bat sounds! Unusual library will help scientists track bat species.† Los Angeles Times, 2006.Rice University. â€Å"Bat sounds.†Yovel, Y., Geva-Sagiv, M., and Ulanovsky, N. â€Å"Click-based echolocation in bats: not so primitive after all.† 2011. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, vol. 197, no. 5, 515-530.

Corporate Background Of Worldcom Company Essay - 1322 Words

Corporate Background WorldCom, now known as MCI, began humbly as an obscure long distance telephone company, LDDS Communications, in 1983, and rose to the second largest long-distance phone company in the United States and one of the largest companies handling worldwide Internet data traffic, with an aggressive corporate strategy of growth though acquisition (Moberg, and Romar. â€Å"WorldCom†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) With its corporate headquarters located in Clinton, Mississippi, WorldCom consisted of an employee base of 85,000 workers at its peak and provided a broad range of communication services in over 200 countries on six continents, including voice and Internet communication services for millions of consumer customers, one of the most extensive communications networks in the world, and value-added services such as customized solutions for network design, configuration of customer premises equipment, proactive network monitoring, managed hosting as well as authentication, firewall and virus scanning services (WorldCom Form 10-K, 2002). Between 1991 and 1997, WorldCom spent almost $60 billion in the successful completion of 65 acquisitions, two of which, the MFS Communications acquisition and MCI Communications acquisition, brought both â€Å"a major supplier of Internet services† and â€Å"one of the largest providers of business and consumer telephone services†. Benefited by this prescient and successful business strategy, WorldCom’s stock rocketed to over $60 per share. These acquisitions providedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Worldcom1595 Words   |  7 PagesRestoring Trust in WorldCom 1. What are the three or four central objectives that Breeden hopes to achieve with the proposals in â€Å"Restoring Trust†? Why is reform needed? What are the benefits? What are your concerns regarding the reform? The WorldCom Corporate Monitor, Richard Breeden, believed that in order to correct the ills that faced the company, WorldCom needed to adopt a strong Corporate Governance structure. 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The main objective of this act is to recover the investors’ trust in the stock market, and to prevent and detect corporate accounting fraud. I will discuss the background of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and why it became necessary in the first section of this paper. The second section will be the act’s regulations for the management, external auditors, and companies, mainly publicly-traded companies, and the cost and benefits of the act. The last sectionRead MoreEnron : The Financial Statement1461 Words   |  6 Pages whenever companies have outstanding energy-related or other derivative contracts (either assets or liabilities) on their balance sheets at the end of a particular quarter, they must adjust them to fair market value, booking unrealised gains or losses to the income statement of the period. A difficulty with application of these rules in accounting for long-term futures contracts in commodities such as gas is that there are often no quoted prices upon which to base valuations. 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Bahram Soltani (2014), also discusses within the abstract the different areas reviewed regardingRead MoreCase Analysis Arthur Andersen: Questionable Accounting Practices1000 Words   |  4 PagesThus, it leaded to a negative influence on Andersens Corporate culture, which enabled Andersen to be more interested in its own revenue growth through ethical and legal misconducts, such as accounting irregularities and fraud. More seriously, it developed a number of lawsuits from1997 to 2005, which impelled the SEC to keep a close watch on, from its client such as Baptist Foundation of Arizona, Sunbeam, Waste Ma nagement, Enron, and Worldcom. Especially for the SEC to Enrons investigating, it would

Financial System of Kazakhstan Free Essays

Suleyman Demirel University Course work: Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of financial system in Kazakhstan Done by: Abeu Azamat Economics1 Date______________ Almaty 2010 Introduction Financial relations forms there where are funds of money is. Only with the advent of the state and the regular commodity-money reference there is an economic category the finance. Finance is objectively necessary, their necessity is caused by existence of commodity manufacture, the reference, and also action of the law of cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial System of Kazakhstan or any similar topic only for you Order Now The monetary relations developing between the enterprises in their economic activities, the circulation of funds in the course of manufacture mediates. A material basis of the finance is manufacture. Studying of economic structure of any society of the modern state is impossible without the financial system analysis, representing set of financial relations and institutes regulating them. Financial relations represent an important component of the general economic relations inherent in any public system. Through the financial mechanism the state forms and uses funds of the money resources necessary for performance of its numerous functions in political, economic and social spheres. The financial system covers numerous institutes of public finances which operate in close interaction with credit institutes of different function. Subject of my research is set of the financial and monetary and credit relations demanding the new approach to their regulation in the conditions of transition to market economy. A methodological basis the complex system approach to studying of a problem of reforming of financially-credit system of Republic Kazakhstan in the conditions of transition to market economy makes, applications in these purposes of various concepts of world economic thought on increase of a role of the finance, money and the credit in management of national economy. The financial sector of Kazakhstan is the largest financial sector in Central Asia. It possesses enormous fossil fuel reserves as well as minerals and metals. It also has considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands accommodating both livestock and grain production, as well as developed space infrastructure, which took over all launches to the International Space Station from the Space Shuttle. The mountains in the south are important for apples and walnuts; both species grow wild there. Kazakhstan’s industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural machinery, and some military items. The urgency of the given theme can’t be exaggerated, after all a financial system, by right, it is considered a basis of bases of any modern state. Many crises of economy are connected with infringement of its functioning. Therefore it is necessary to know all subtleties of its device for maintenance of normal functioning of any country. It is possible to assert that each link of a financial system is its independent element, but this independence is relative in middle the uniform complete. The financial system is a set of various kinds of funds of the financial resources concentrated at the disposal of the state, not financial sector of economy (managing subjects), separate financial institutions and the population (households) for execution of the functions assigned to them, and also for satisfaction of economic and social requirements. The modern world is the world of all-round and all-powerful commodity-money relations. They penetrate internal life of any state and its activity on international scene. In the course of reproduction at different levels, since the enterprise and finishing national economy as a whole, funds of money resources are formed. Thus has no value, in what form money acts: In the form of cash paper signs, roofing felts in the form of credit cards, or on appearing on bank accounts of the sums in general out of any form. Global financial and economic crisis has shown weaknesses of existing models of financial relations both of universal scale, and at national level. Weaknesses have been revealed in structure of state regulation and in activity of financial institutions. Problems of financial institutions were showed in imperfection and discrepancy of control systems by risks to modern lines and level of accepted risks (both on degree, and on quality of risks), low level of the corporate governance, an insufficient transparency and, as consequence, an inefficiency of the business models, appeared sensitive to negative tendencies. One of distinctive features of the post crisis period is necessity of elimination of the revealed problems of financial sector, correction of the admitted errors and maintenance stable diversified growth. It is necessary to continue work on creation of a modern, steady and competitive financial system of sovereign Kazakhstan. In this work used a proceedings of domestic and foreign scientists; rich world’s experience of functioning of financially-credit systems of the countries with the developed and developing market economy, principles of systematization and developments. Main part CONCEPT OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM By definition, the financial system is a set of financial relations. By the nature financial relations are distributive, and cost distribution is carried out first of all on subjects. Subjects form monetary funds of a special-purpose designation depending on them play what role a social production: whether are its direct participants, whether will organize insurance protection or carry out state regulation. The role of the subject in a social production represents itself as the first objective criterion of classification of financial relations. According to it in the general set of financial relations large spheres can be allocated: the finance of the enterprises, establishments and the organizations; insurance; public finances. In each of the named spheres links are allocated, and the grouping of financial relations is carried out depending on character of activity of the subject, making defining impact on structure and appointment of target monetary funds. This criterion allows to allocate in sphere of the finance of the enterprises (establishments, the organizations) such links, as the finance of the enterprises functioning on the commercial beginnings: the finance of establishments and the organizations which are carrying out noncommercial activity; the finance of public associations. In insurance sphere where character of activity of the subject predetermines specificity of object of insurance, as links act: social insurance, property and personal insurance, responsibility insurance, insurance of enterprise risks. In sphere of public finances – accordingly, the state budget, off-budget funds, the state credit. Spheres and links of financial relations are interconnected, forming in aggregate uniform financial system. Different links of a financial system serve different kinds of financial distribution: intraeconomic – the finance of the enterprises. Inside branch – the finance of the enterprises, complexes, associations, interbranch and between territorial – the state budget, off-budget funds. Each link of a financial system is in turn subdivided on under links according to internal structure of financial interrelations containing in it. So, as a part of the finance of the enterprises functioning on the commercial beginnings, depending on a branch orientation, the finance industrial, agricultural, trading, transport agencies etc. and in dependence o? patterns of ownership – the finance of the state enterprises, cooperative, joint-stock can be isolated, private, etc. Branch and economic features of the enterprises functioning on the commercial beginnings, make essential impact on the organization of financial relations, structure of formed monetary funds of a special-purpose designation, an order of their formation and use. THE ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN According to many experts, Kazakhstan has already overcome the most painful after achievement of financial stabilization peak of structural economic transformations and has achieved appreciable successes, realizing own strategy and, tactics of economic reforms. In Kazakhstan for fifteen years of independence the system of economic and social relations has completely changed. Since the beginning in 1994 of global economic reforms financial stabilization is appreciably reached, privatization of all state ownership approaches end, manufacture lifting was outlined. If in 1993 inflation made over two thousand percent in 2001 it has decreased to 23, 7 %, And today makes about 7-9 %. There was almost full liberalization of the prices and cancellation of the majority of restrictions in foreign trade sphere. In 1996 growth of a total internal product in comparison with previous year on 0, 5 % has been for the first time in recent years provided. The rate of refinancing of National Bank of the Republic Kazakhstan, reaching in the middle of 1994 450-480 %, has decreased more than in 20 times. Carrying out of a rational policy of the State expenditure has provided decrease in a shortage level of the budget. In turn, it has allowed to put the strong base of maintenance of financial stabilization of economy: real preconditions of attraction of the investments, promoting moderate economic growth, lifting and structural reorganization of national economy and improvement on this basis of quality of life of the population are created. One of the basic sections of the governmental program on deepening of reforms for 1996-1998 was reforming of a control system by financial resources of the country and its adaptation to market conditions. Thereupon, last years efforts of the government have been directed first of all on rationalization of budgetary expenses, strengthening of financial discipline, creation of the real proprietor and stimulation of attraction of investments into development of economy of republic, perfection of interbudgetary relations and formation of the effective mechanism of management by the state external and internal debt, strengthening and development of the market of the state securities and other tools of a market infrastructure. Despite complexity of an economic situation, last years from the republican budget were allocated considerable means for support of domestic commodity producers, sanitation and rehabilitation of the state enterprises, financing of investment and social projects, objects of small and average business. In particular, only in 199? to year on these purposes it is directed over 15 % of budgetary funds, or 26,9 billion tenge, including on agriculture development – 9,8 billion tenge, or 91,4 % to the forecast. Credits to Eximbank for financing of investment projects have made 3,6 billion tenge, or 99,5 % to the plan, and Rehabilitation bank for carrying out of procedures on the insolvent enterprises – 5,8 billion tenge, or 97,1 % to the plan. For the purpose of attraction of the foreign capital for expansion of manufacture and acquisition of skills on marketing and management per 1995 1996 transfer of some the large enterprises black and nonferrous metallurgy, chemical branch to foreign investors was carried out. It is possible to criticize the government for these measures as nobody is insured from errors in business such extremely difficult and absolutely new to us, but the fact remains somehow, of course. By these enterprises only for 1996 it is made production more than on 190 billion tenge that makes almost 28 % from industrial output total amount. In comparison with the corresponding period of 1995 (on 6 %), hire ready (on 7 %), copper refined (in 1,4 times), magnesium and magnesian alloys (in 1,5 times), lead steel manufacture has increased in a concentrate (on 5,8 %), alumina (on 5,8 %). Manufacture of iron ore and pig-iron has increased also. But the most important thing – here was possible to keep employment, to avoid large social conflicts and measures on strengthening of control over tax revenues from these enterprises are now undertaken. A key problem of the government there is a creation of the real proprietor that will allow to expand profitable base of the budget. In 1996 it is considerable Rates of carrying out of privatization according to separate individual projects were accelerated. Now almost all large enterprises is in private hands. At the given stage the big work on end of privatization of objects under individual projects is spent. At the same time, as well as in other countries with transitive economy, development of budgetary sphere during the last years at us restrained decrease in level of public revenues, as consequence of the most severe crisis and high inflation in previous years, deterioration of a financial condition and financial discipline, first of all, at the state enterprises, weak tax administration and complexities with the taxation of a growing private sector. For example, incomes of the state budget to gross national product level have decreased from 22,3 % and 1993 to 16,9 % in 1996, including tax revenues from 15,6 % to 11 % to gross national product. The basic share of tax revenues in 1996 has been provided at the expense of taxes from consumers – 40,7 % to a total sum of taxes. In 1997 budget incomes will make 15,3 % to gross national product, including tax – 11,7 %, per 1998 accordingly – 16,4 % and 12,2 % to gross national product level. For the decision of the large problems concerning the general policy in the field of the State expenditure, in 1996 there have been begun large-scale reforms: on optimization of a network and structure of social sphere, reorganization of system of the central and local executive powers, reforming of housing and communal services, social protection and population provision of pensions. On realization pension reform in 1997 it has been listed 36 billion tenge to State payable center from the state budget. For 1999 the budgeted deficit at a rate of 5,5 % to gross national product as a result of granting of transfers from the budget to the Pension fund on 52 billion tenge and payment of social benefits for 23 billion tenge was put. Thus, the budgetary policy gets even more social orientation. Formation, public health services, social insurance and maintenance will be priority directions of an expenditure of public funds. As a whole, the share of expenses on social programs under the budget project for 1998 has made 61,5 % of all expenses of the state. For the decision of social problems of republic in 1997 the Republic Kazakhstan government had been undertook serious steps on strengthening of a profitable part of the state budget. The basic directions in the field were strengthening of control over receipts of taxes and work with separate tax bearers, perfection of methods of administration behind taxation, modernization and a computerization of tax services of republic. However these measures haven’t given fast effect and in 2000 financial possibilities of the state budget have been limited. Thereupon, the basic accent in the budgetary policy of this year has been directed on more efficient control state ownership, rational use of public finances, strengthening of control over a target expenditure of means of tax bearers. Work in this direction will be constantly spent and regularly. Despite additional loading on the state budget in connection with reforming of system of provision of pensions and occurrence of powerful expenses on state debt service, the government has allocated in the budget of 2000 considerably a great sum for investment programs, than in previous years. If in 1997 budgetary investments were provided at a rate of 19,9 billion tenge in the following from the budget to priority investment projects at the expense of external sources it has been directed 34 billion tenge, or about 400 mln. dollars that, in turn, stimulated considerable growth of solvent demand and lifting of economy of republic. The basic priorities of the state investment program are development of a social and industrial infrastructure, and also housing construction activization. the list of investment projects projects on education system rehabilitation, development of a high system, reconstruction of irrigational systems and water supply systems enter. Financing of projects is provided at the expense of means of the state budget, and also at the expense of the means given by foreign donors. Since 1998, the Ministry of Finance refuses direct credits of National Bank. For budgeted deficit financing in 1998 noninflationary sources and market methods of loan in the inter nal and external financial markets have been used only. In 1997 it has not been admitted any default under the state financial obligations that has seriously strengthened image of our country as the reliable partner in the international affairs. For the first time in history Kazakhstan in November, 1996 to it the international credit rating which has allowed already in month to carry out confident debut issue of Eurobonds in the sum of 200 mln. Dollars of the USA in the world financial markets is appropriated. On level of attraction of direct foreign investments per capita the republic is included confidently into the first five the CIS is central – also the East Europe countries, and also. Cumulative inflow of direct foreign investments, according to the European bank of reconstruction and development, in economy of Kazakhstan during 1989-1996 has made 2761 mln. dollars of the USA. Unfortunately, in the near future it is not necessary to rely on internal resources. The advanced experience, new technologies and a know-how, administrative and marketing skills are necessary. That is why we apply many efforts for creation of a favorable investment climate in the country. It is possible to underline that Kazakhstan has now perfect enough legislative and institutional base for effective attraction and use of foreign investments. We have today the most liberal tax mode in comparison with other states CIS, the limited number of taxes – their only 11 against 45, existing in old tax laws. Important point is that reforms in republic moving forward. By estimations of the World Bank, Kazakhstan is the initiator and the leader among the CIS countries in carrying out of reforms. Involving investments into national economy, we solve also one more important social problem – preservation of employment of the population. It is rather actual for Kazakhstan as in 1996 by statistical bodies of republic it is recognized by officially jobless – 391,7 thousand people or 4,1 % from economically active population. One more factor is structural reforms. According to the government plans, all radical reforms should be finished the next two years. The transit status of the Kazakhstan economy, moving from a management system to market, will pass in the category more settled. For this purpose there are all conditions. It and legislative base of the market, both investment packages, and a way of the organization budgetary, tax, currency and an anti-inflationary policy, and, at last, a way of the organization of relations not only in economy, but also in a society. In republic strong enough reserve for steady growth of economy in the future is created. Results The Kazakhstan’s financial system is characterized by high enough level of market concentration. Especially it concerns bank and pension sectors of the country. Presence of similar tendencies and a consequence of present crisis for financial sector of Kazakhstan have once again confirmed the traditional theory when risks of the largest financial institutions put system pressure upon a condition of all financial system. In these conditions one of key priorities of post crisis development will be competition stimulation in financial sector. It provides as a direct measure necessity of gradual increase in the minimum size of the capital first of all banks. Integration and consolidation or their reorganization in other kinds of financial institutions will promote growth of a market share of the average banks capable on mass products to render a due competition to big banks. Moreover, the most successful condition of development of banks and bank products is their competitiveness. It also is important from a position of expansion of coverage and population access to as much as possible wide list of bank services, especially in regions. It is necessary to pay attention to creation of conditions for expansion of possibilities of banks on granting of modern retail financial services, first of all the most demanded today the population of payment services, by formation of a corresponding interbank infrastructure. Within the limits of this problem it is necessary to direct the basic efforts on integration of the components of an infrastructure of retail payments separated and poorly interconnected now with a view of achievement of increase of efficiency and technological compatibility. In case of need it is necessary to consider the problem on restriction of foreign participation in financial sector at a rate of no more than 50 % from a cumulative authorized capital stock separately on each segment of financial sector. With a view of development of a diligent competition in all segments of the financial market reduction of participation of the state to its full exit will be provided at achievement of sufficient level of a competition. Conclusion The financial system is system of integration type, is characterized by a close connection of elements (subsystems) entering into it and that any of its subsystems can’t exist independently: the finance, on the one hand, expresses a part of relations of production and consequently acts as an element of system of these relations, with another — represents the system consisting of interconnected elements, having the functional properties. In the finance it is possible to name as functional subsystems such, as tax, budgetary, financial plans (forecasts), budget financing, financial indicators, etc. Besides functional criterion of classification of a financial system classification by a sign of subjects of the finance (participating in financial relations) is applied that allows to differentiate a financial system on links. Links as the coordinated number of classification contain elements of the higher category: financial relations, the financial funds, the operating device. Such property of ordering gives to a financial system integration character. In market relations economy functioning commodity-money relations are regulated by the state in ready smaller degree. The basic regulators — supply and demand of the goods, works, services. Out of commodity relations the finance can’t exist. Only at an exchange of the made goods, services, their realization for certain money’s worth at commodity producers the monetary gain is formed. From a gain from realization of production, works, services corresponding funds of money resources which go on compensation of the spent means of production, payment should be allocated. And cost of an additional product should be distributed on the parts satisfying to economic interests of all participants of a social production, industrial spheres, invalid members of a society, for creation of insurance funds and resources. Large financial investments are necessary for realization of reorientation of economy, therefore important problems are research of sources of structural transformations, parity definition between means of the state in the form of budgetary appropriations and own means of the enterprises. The state budget as the tool of management of economy has the integrated influence on a social production as financial document, as the economic lever; and as stimulus. The state budget is the central link of a financial system. In it find interrelation various types of income, expenses and the state loans. The profitable part contains the list of arriving means, and account – unites all kinds of made loans. I. e. the state budget is an economic category which expresses relations of production in the monetary form, arising between the state and other participants of a social production in the course of distribution and re-distribution of cost of a public product. The state budget is the tool of realization of a state policy and the basic source of money resources for realization of the planned programs. Formation of a profitable part has now many problems, therefore the frequent updating of tax laws aggravating position of the enterprises, negatively influence manufacture process, so, on a state budget condition. An important question at state budget drawing up is directions of an expenditure of the budgetary funds, connected with carrying out of a financially-budgetary policy. At level of micro-economics the financial system structure is made by the primary finance – at the enterprises and in house economy. Their financial activity includes two moments: formation of money resources (that occurs by means of initial distribution of incomes) and an expenditure of such means. Incomes and expenses are balanced counterbalanced) as follows. The condition of the finance is reflected in the enterprises in the account of profits and losses (expenses). In housekeeping the received incomes (from use of factors of manufacture) are compared with expenses (expenses for current consumption and savings). Primary finance at macroeconomic level forms base of the secondary finance of the state. They are formed as a result of the subsequent distribution (or redistributions) incomes mainly by means of taxes. Taxes – obligatory payments of the enterprises and the population which the state raises taking into account size of primary incomes. Public finance plays an important role in growth of the state consumption which creates additional demand, expands home market. In the end it would be desirable to draw personal conclusions on the given work: The main problem in financial sphere, in my opinion, consists that quantitative growth of a profitable part of the budget of Kazakhstan and all other important financial indicators is reached at the expense of falling of a course of tenge in relation to dollar and at the expense of incomes of the oil-extracting industry that can lead to deep economic recession as all financial and economic system depends on the quotation of the given raw mat erials in the world market; – In Kazakhstan still and the system of crediting of small-scale business isn’t developed. The given sphere of economy is very important in market economy as on an example of the developed countries it is visible that it makes gross national product most part. Agriculture after disorder of the USSR it has appeared in a difficult situation, therefore a priority problem of the state at present consists in crediting through banks of the second level of the given branch. – In Kazakhstan development of such important financial tools as the credit, the deposit and leasing has already begun. In the conditions of market economy their role consists in acceleration of formation of seed capital that is very important in Kazakhstan where shortage in investments is felt. – Financial control in Kazakhstan is carried out by financial police and the Ministry of Finance. At present the is standard-legal base concerning financial relations is still reformed, but it is enough already developed positions for regulation of financial processes in Kazakhstan. – For today sharply there is a question on advantage of the state budget. It speaks about badly thought over strategy of an expenditure of means. – Besides, despite repeated increases of a salary to workers of budgetary sphere, in our republic differentiation of monetary incomes of the population is still strong. Settlement of this question in the future can lead to increase in tax revenues in budget of Kazakhstan. Priority problem of Republic Kazakhstan for today is, in my opinion, settlement of the above-named problems. References 1. , , 24. 4. 95 ? 2235  «? ? ?  ». 2. ? 355-1 31. 03. 99  «? ? ? , ,  «? ? ?  » ? 2235 24. 04. 95 ». 3. ? 357-1 01. 04. 00 â€Å"? †. 4. ? 359-1 01. 04. 00 â€Å"? ? ? â€Å"? 2001 †. 5. ?. ?. , (1997), , () 6. ?. ?. , (1996), , () 7. ?. ? (1998), , () 8. ?. ?. (1998), , () 9. ?. ?. (1997), , () 10. ?. ?. , ?. ?. ,(1998), , () 11. ?. ?.. ?. ?. , (1998), . , (, -?) 12. . 13. 2030 How to cite Financial System of Kazakhstan, Papers

Why Women Colleges Are Losing Funding

In a nation where college admissions are up (having risen from 26% to 41%over the last three decades), the harsh reality is that small colleges all over the country are losing funding. Those that survive are finding it necessary to cut programs (in particular, art and music) so that they can offer majors in fields considered more lucrative to prospective students —including business, engineering and computer science. In this type of climate, women’s colleges are getting hit particularly hard; and many have either closed, gone coed, or merged with coed universities. The numbers tell an even harsher story. In 1960, there was a total of 200 women’s colleges in the US. By 2014, that number has dropped to just 47 throughout the US and Canada. While these closings may seem like a recent trend, the fact is many of the nation’s most renowned women’s colleges became coed decades ago. For example, back in 1972, Texas Womens Universitystarted accepting men, who today make up 12%of the student body. Just a few of the scores of famous women’s colleges which have either closed or gone co-edinclude Radcliffe College (which closed in 1991 and is now part of Harvard); Wheaton College (coed since 1987); Hunter College (coed since 1964); Sarah Lawrence (coed since 1968) and Vassar (coed since 1969). Are Women Losing Interest In Women’s Colleges?In 2004, 8.7 percent of women enrolling in private colleges chose women’s colleges. By 2012, that number had dropped to 7.9%.By 2014, only 2%of women applicants chose to attend a single-gender college. Not all women’s colleges have suffered from diminished enrollments, however. Historic Agnes Scott College in Decatur, GA, which had an enrollment of 600 womenundergraduates in 1994, has just received its all-time high enrollment of 902in 2016. Other historic colleges, however, have struggled to survive. One notable example is Sweet Briar College, VA, which was slated to close before its alumni raised $12 million to save the school. By 2016, Sweet Briar’s enrollment grew from 751 in 2015 to a record-breaking 1099 in 2016. Stories such as Agnes Scott’s and Sweet Briar’s show the loyalty that many women have, not only toward their single-gender alma mater, but also to the concept of women’s colleges surviving in the 21st century. Women’s colleges are losing funding primarily because of a declining interest in single-gender colleges. During the time of Sweet Briar’s crisis, interim president James F. Jones, Jr. cited the problem as being â€Å"declining interest among today’s applicants in rural, liberal arts colleges as well as single-sex colleges,† and today’s analysts, backed by statistics, agree. Why Are Women’s Colleges Losing Funding?For more than two decades, the number of women applying for college has topped the number of men. In 1994, 63% of female high school graduatesenrolled in college, as opposed to 61% of male graduates. By 2012, 71% of female graduates were enrolling in college, while the numbers for male students remained at 61%. The increase in female enrollment continues — but today’s women prefer to opt for co-educational colleges because many believe that it will better prepare them to compete with menin the job market. For a variety of reasons, women’s colleges still have a relevant place in the 21st century. Educators in particular cite the psychological benefitsof women having a support system among peers of their own gender in a world where men still get higher pay and preferential hiring for executive jobs. Others cite the increased violence on today’s coed campuses as a reason why some women feel physically safer going to a single-gender school. According to some reports, however, there’s a dark side to college admissions programs which might make it even more necessary for women’s colleges to continue to exist. Are Women’s Colleges Still Relevant?A little-known fact is that private colleges are exempt from the US government’s ban, under Title IX, on sex discrimination. According to a recent expose in the Washington Post, this loophole theoretically allows private colleges and universities to discriminate against women in their admissions practices. The article goes on to say that the men/women acceptance ratio at many of the more famous colleges average 60:40. Specific examples cited in the article include Vassar College, where admissions for men are typically around 34 percent as opposed to 19 percent for women; Columbia University, where the acceptance rate is 8 percent for men and 6 percent for women; and Vanderbilt University, where the acceptance rate is 15 percent for men versus 11 percent for women. The Washington Post expose adds that public colleges and universities are not exempt from the ban, and that Title IX protects the admission of women in all schools that are federally funded. These numbers are even more significant considering that, statistically, there is a substantial gender difference between performance levels of high school girls and boys. According to recent statistics, 70% of the nations high school valedictoriansare now girls.The numbers tell the story. If this level of discrimination is still prevalent among the nation’s top-drawer colleges, then there is still a vital need for women’s colleges. According to an extensive study conducted by the Womens College Coalition, nearly 65 percent of those who attend women’s colleges plan to get higher degrees, and are more likely than coed college attendees to aspire to a Ph.D. Statistics such as these — plus the loyalty that womens college alumni show toward their schools — indicate that women’s colleges continue to have a valid and valuable place in the realm of higher education in the 21st century. Are you applying to a womens college? Are you currently attending one? Let us know what your thoughts are in the comment section below!